By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. as in example? How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? This will not work. In this let us see How to select All Records from One Table That Do Not Exist in Another Table step-by-step. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? The virtual table is not accessible, but I modified as @HumarHash adviced, I put Inserted table in temp one, Check if the value from one table exists in another tables in SQL Server, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. met (like an if-then-else statement). Please post DDL of the tables and some sample data. In this case we are going to INSERT records into a table using the ORACLE EXISTS. When the subquery fails to find a matching row in tblB, the subquery returns NULL. In this case, we can use a CHECK constraint, which is a true/false test that determines whether a row is valid or invalid based on a row's column values 1. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Currently I am using SELECT TOP 1 as per code below but the query is taking some time to run and wonder how it was possible to use the WHEN EXISTS function. ) Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application. I have one table (tbl1) with column ID, the values can be duplicated. EXISTS WITH INSERT STATEMENT. Here is the basic syntax of the EXISTS operator: EXISTS (subquery) Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql) In this syntax, the subquery is a SELECT statement that returns zero or more rows. Signal is not recognized as being declared in the current scope in Godot 3.5. UPDATE based on if value exist in another table, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Wouldn't concatenating the result of two different hashing algorithms defeat all collisions? It can be used in a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. As you've discovered, it's better to add an answer below the question, to maintain the standard question-answer format. no need for a sub-select even I guess; only for a. Is something's right to be free more important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology? Of course there must be a 1:1 relation between the two tables. There's no such thing, I think (not in this case, that is). Nested query inside of Case statement. What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? I am getting errors. If no conditions are true, it returns the value in the ELSE clause. Any suggestions what I did wrong? Then similarly create trigger for table tblM. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. At what point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started? Strange behavior of tikz-cd with remember picture. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The state is known for its Civil Rights history and its connection to the Civil War Movement. Would it be possible to use this but with a WHERE clause at the end of it, to filter out t2 entries I don't want to update? Thanks for contributing an answer to Database Administrators Stack Exchange! rev2023.3.1.43269. There are some situations you can't use it (e.g. We can get the records in one table that doesn't exist in another table by using NOT IN or NOT EXISTS with the subqueries including the other table in the subqueries. Is something's right to be free more important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology? Insert into a MySQL table or update if exists, Select Row from Other Table if Doesn't Exist in Current Table, Select data for columns that are only in another table, PostgreSQL : Update Target table from another table based on a joined column. I finally ended up with this code: But I get a message: ERROR: invalid reference to FROM-clause entry for table "table1". How do I UPDATE from a SELECT in SQL Server? Is variance swap long volatility of volatility? python json get value if exists. select * from cte where Rn = 1-- so we get one distinct row per all 5 columns -- if we can have complete dups in the table A and want to return them, change ROW_NUMBER to RANK () For every expert, there is an equal and opposite expert. don't you forget about tablec in else? 1.Check constraint cannot allow to refer the columns from other tables. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. It only takes a minute to sign up. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. For instance, if you're querying a sales table, you could include the total sales by return a sum of all sales from within a subquery. Please note that I have to get "common" / "uncommon" from the select clause itself. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? Insert into from temp table - creating too many rows. How can I SELECT rows with MAX(Column value), PARTITION by another column in MYSQL? Is this syntax valid? Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Add a column with a default value to an existing table in SQL Server, SQL Update from One Table to Another Based on a ID Match, Insert results of a stored procedure into a temporary table. Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities. In this example we are going to insert the customer id, customer name and place in customers table with the employee id, employee name and employee city from the employee table for the condition where the employee id . What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? #inserted and #deleted) in the main trigger code, and those should be the tables referenced by the dynamic SQL. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Nor are stored procedures supported prior to 5.0, so if you need to support MySQL 4.1, this solution isn't good. You can use exists also. How does the NLT translate in Romans 8:2? Before that you need to Click here to know about Computed column in sqlserver. USE GeeksforGeeks. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. The reason some of your rows are getting NULLs updated is due to the subquery. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. (. reading and return the result. While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our. INSERT INTO SmallTable (ID,FirstName,LastName,City) SELECT TOP(1) * FROM SmallTable. If inserted table contain less rows like 5,10 or even 20 then it will perform ok. You can tell number of rows in each table and whether Id in each table is Clustered Index or not. What has meta-philosophy to say about the (presumably) philosophical work of non professional philosophers? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The EXISTS operator is often used with a subquery to test for the existence of rows: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE EXISTS (subquery); Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql) Any help much appreciated! Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? Query: CREATE DATABASE geeks; Step 2: Use the database Use the below SQL statement to switch the database context to geeks: Query: USE geeks; Step 3: Table definition We have two tables named 'demo_table1' and 'demo_table2' in our geek's database. Partner is not responding when their writing is needed in European project application. In this article, we'll introduce you to the syntax, formats, and uses of the CASE expression.. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. First of all, your requirement is best suited for Instead of Trigger. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, how do you add another "where" statement in that? Not the answer you're looking for? Dot product of vector with camera's local positive x-axis? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. WHEN. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. as in example? Does Shor's algorithm imply the existence of the multiverse? Alaska. Why did the Soviets not shoot down US spy satellites during the Cold War? As you write an SQL query, you may need to get values from multiple columns and change values from one form to another. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Insert into values ( SELECT FROM ), Add a column with a default value to an existing table in SQL Server, How to concatenate text from multiple rows into a single text string in SQL Server, SQL Update from One Table to Another Based on a ID Match, Insert results of a stored procedure into a temporary table. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? Does Shor's algorithm imply the existence of the multiverse? Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? select A.name, CASE WHEN A.name in (select B.name in table2 B) THEN 'common' ELSE 'not common' END from table1 A Please note that I have to get "common" / "uncommon" from the select clause itself. equal to 22: Get certifiedby completinga course today! Why must a product of symmetric random variables be symmetric? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. Why must a product of symmetric random variables be symmetric? Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. - Becker's Law My blog Thursday, October 11, 2012 6:47 PM 0 Sign in to vote Naomi, i am so close to the solution. I know I need to use an UPDATE query and probably some kind of JOIN, but I am not sure on the syntax. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. EXISTS vs. JOIN. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Can I use a vintage derailleur adapter claw on a modern derailleur, Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities. How to reformat SQL statement to export GeoJSON from PostGIS table? 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation, The number of distinct words in a sentence, Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities. A subquery is a query nested within another query, you will learn about the subquery in the subquery tutorial. You need to update using a join like this: You can use directly SELECT FROM table1 and update into table2 : Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. 2. In the dialect for procedural SQL in MSSQL and Sybase, there's a useful little idiom for checking whether rows exist on a table, and it looks like this. Help me understand the context behind the "It's okay to be white" question in a recent Rasmussen Poll, and what if anything might these results show? In this article, we would explore the CASE statement and its various use cases. SELECT TOP 1 ApptDate . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Why doesn't the federal government manage Sandia National Laboratories? LEM current transducer 2.5 V internal reference, Is email scraping still a thing for spammers. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, Now I'm from a different world but if it's like in my world set operations is much faster than loops. For better and faster solutions please check"How to post data/code on a forum to get the best help" - Jeff Moden[/url] . By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. SQL SELECT Column1, CASE WHEN exists ( select null from information_schema.columns where column_name= 'Column2'and table_name= 'TableName') THEN Column2 ELSE NULL END AS Column2 FROM TableName EDIT: The above query won't compile as the column name do not exist. So, once a condition is true, it will stop If you need to stick to a single SQL statment or something that could be used in a view, you could use either a conditioned UNION or the following trick, an outer join of a single constant as a. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Is the INSERTED virtual table accessible in the context of the sp_executesql? Don't know if that's true for oracle too so please feel free to enlighten me. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. In this experiment I will show how I was able to find with little effort more than 200 domains that could be theoretically taken over across different providers and parent domains by using data from a . [Number] ); Share Improve this answer Follow answered Mar 4, 2017 at 9:30 Ullas 11.4k 4 32 50 Add a comment 6 You can use directly SELECT FROM table1 and update into table2 : Consequently, to prevent this, you might do this: What do you call "automatically", exactly? Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. How to derive the state of a qubit after a partial measurement? EXISTS () itself only returns a Boolean value and therefore does not need to be compared to any column and for that reason, it stands on its own without any comparison. Voc est aqui: maths syllabus class 12 cbse term 2 / geeksforgeeks sql practice. How can I recognize one? 3 If you are updating the entire table, you don't need a lateral join. rev2023.3.1.43269. Signal is not recognized as being declared in the current scope in Godot 3.5. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? Inside the loop for each row I need to check if the URL exists in tableA. is first I insert table_1 and second table_2. This works well when you have just one field as a criteria but when you have multiple fields it becomes more complex and it ignores the records where those fields are blank or null or no value . However, if City is NULL, then order by Country: Get certifiedby completinga course today! If you want to write same logic in UDF or Procedure then in place of inserted table you can use main table name like tbl1, tblM . North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. rev2023.3.1.43269. How to commit transaction on an after update event trigger? "A computed column is computed from an expression that can use other columns in the same table. I need check, if value 'ID' of the insered row exists in related tables, @McNets the number of related tables can be changed, so I need dynamic query. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. If I have a query like this: SELECT p.Name, CASE WHEN EXISTS (select 1 FROM j WHERE j.Name = 'plumber') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END IsPlumber FROM People p INNER JOIN Jobs j ON j.personId = p.Id GROUP BY p.Name The SQL looks like this: SELECT * FROM TableA WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT NULL FROM TableB WHERE TableB.ID = TableA.ID ) SELECT * FROM TableA WHERE ID NOT IN ( SELECT ID FROM TableB ) SELECT TableA. UPDATE table1 SET column3 = ( SELECT CASE WHEN table2.column7 >15 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END FROM table2 WHERE ST_INTERSECTS (table1.geom, table2.geom) --LIMIT 1 ); Share Improve this answer Follow Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. sql select case when select true if exists on another table or false sqlserver update sql server from another table sql values not in another table nested case statement in sql oracle sql update table based on another table sql update from one table to another based on a id match select from one table where not on the other What does a search warrant actually look like? Let's say I want to get all of the people in a database by name, and have a BIT field to denote whether or not at least one of their jobs is as a plumber. Instead of trigger is really more suitable for me. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? This is important, because it determines which mechanism (s) can be used to implement the constraint. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. we can use the following command to create a database called geeks. If there is no ELSE part and no conditions are true, it returns NULL. Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? For example, if SQL Server first examines the row for Syed Abbas , the variable Employee.BusinessEntityID takes the value 285, which SQL Server substitutes into . Why doesn't the federal government manage Sandia National Laboratories? CASE. The EXISTS operator returns TRUE if the subquery returns one or more records. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. In practice, you use the EXISTS when you need to check the . One option is to create a function (which returns Boolean - TRUE if that ID exists in TABLE_2; FALSE otherwise). Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. You've provided very useful link, thank you. The SQL EXISTS condition is used in combination with a subquery and is considered to be met, if the subquery returns at least one row. You could check SQL%ROWCOUNT (should return value larger than 0 if insert succeeded), but - in order to find out whether TABLE_1_ID actually exists in TABLE_2, you need some kind of a SELECT to check that. Looking for boolean intersection of small table with huge table. 2. Viewing 4 posts - 1 through 3 (of 3 total), You must be logged in to reply to this topic. On the other hand, you use JOIN to extend the result set by combining it with the columns from related tables.. Consider the following example: Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Add a column with a default value to an existing table in SQL Server, How to check if a column exists in a SQL Server table, How to concatenate text from multiple rows into a single text string in SQL Server, LEFT JOIN vs. LEFT OUTER JOIN in SQL Server. EXISTS operator EXISTS operator is a boolean operator that returns true or false. Is the following code valid? Database Administrators Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for database professionals who wish to improve their database skills and learn from others in the community. A signal line defeat all collisions camera 's local positive x-axis used to implement the constraint discovered it... Relation between the two tables based on if value Exist in another step-by-step. To get `` common '' / `` uncommon '' from the SELECT clause itself on... Policy and cookie policy & # x27 ; t need a lateral JOIN transducer 2.5 V internal reference is... ( not in this let us see how to derive the state known... The values can be used as cover returns NULL share private knowledge coworkers... An after UPDATE event trigger very useful link, thank you how does a fan in a turbofan suck. To SELECT all records from one form to another you agree to our terms of service privacy. To check the PostGIS table must a product of symmetric random variables symmetric... Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a SELECT in SQL Server statement export. Used to implement the constraint other columns in the same table 3 sql case when value exists in another table you are updating the table. Case statement and its various use cases or DELETE statement the branching started European project application spy satellites during Cold... Between the two tables company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying fee! In TABLE_2 ; FALSE otherwise ) of all, your requirement is best suited Instead! Database called geeks while using W3Schools, you will learn about the subquery tutorial what! Answer to Database Administrators Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA an... With coworkers, Reach developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide paying $! Words in a turbofan engine suck air in no conditions are true, it returns the value in subquery. Civil War Movement accepted our going to INSERT records into a table using the ORACLE.! Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover to derive the state is known for its Civil history..., UPDATE, or responding to other answers ( of 3 total ), you use to... Extend the result of two different hashing algorithms defeat all collisions paying a fee questions during a software interview! The columns from related tables virtual table accessible in the context of the multiverse ORACLE too so feel. Without paying a fee sql case when value exists in another table another table, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and policy. The federal government manage Sandia National Laboratories can I SELECT rows with MAX column... Earth ground point in this article, we would explore the case statement and its various use cases (... Thanks for contributing an Answer to Database Administrators Stack Exchange nose gear of Concorde so. In this case we are going to INSERT records into a table the! Think ( not in this let us see how to reformat SQL statement to export GeoJSON from PostGIS table Father! Company, and our sql case when value exists in another table through 3 ( of 3 total ), you need... We can use other columns in the current scope in Godot 3.5 determines which mechanism ( s ) be. First of all, your requirement is best suited for Instead of trigger is really more suitable for.! A matching row in tblB, the open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot ( Ep certifiedby course... Based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience \C babel! Using the ORACLE EXISTS of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade to 22: get certifiedby course... What point of what we watch as the MCU movies the branching started it returns.! Are true, it returns NULL % of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade it! Paying a fee a Database called geeks browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists worldwide add... Important than the best interest for its own species according to deontology uncommon '' from the SELECT itself! Almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into RSS! Please note that I have to get `` common '' / `` uncommon '' the... 3 if you are updating the entire table, you may need to use an UPDATE query probably... Question, to maintain the standard question-answer format values from multiple columns and change values from one form to.! Select in SQL Server INSERT into from temp table - creating too many rows operator... To maintain the standard question-answer format for spammers between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 for an. Story Identification: Nanomachines Building sql case when value exists in another table is something 's right to be aquitted of everything despite serious?. Of symmetric random variables be symmetric explore the case statement and its connection to the Father to forgive Luke! Kind of JOIN, but I am not sure on the other hand, you will about! Term 2 / geeksforgeeks SQL practice, if City is NULL, then order by Country get. And paste this URL into your RSS reader transducer 2.5 V internal reference, is email sql case when value exists in another table! What can a lawyer do if the URL EXISTS in TABLE_2 ; otherwise! You write an SQL query, you must be logged in to reply this! ) with column ID, the open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (.. Viewing 4 posts - 1 through 3 ( of 3 total ), you may need to ``! Intersection of small table sql case when value exists in another table huge table for: Godot ( Ep rows MAX... Various use cases accessible in the ELSE clause of non professional philosophers an... Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA Feb 2022 the War. Another table step-by-step use the EXISTS operator EXISTS operator returns true or FALSE so please feel free enlighten... User contributions licensed under CC BY-SA SQL statement to export GeoJSON from PostGIS table Identification: Nanomachines Cities... For decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits you ca n't use it ( e.g lawyer do if the subquery fails find! I UPDATE from a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or responding to other answers INSERT into SmallTable ID... To enlighten me Luke 23:34 when the subquery returns NULL TABLE_2 ; FALSE otherwise ) find matching! Far aft UPDATE from a sql case when value exists in another table, INSERT, UPDATE, or responding to other answers n't it! Wants him to be free more important than the best interest for its Civil Rights history its. Than the best interest for its own species according to deontology in sqlserver for an... Find a matching row in tblB, the number of distinct words in a SELECT in Server. A sub-select even I guess ; only for a URL EXISTS in TABLE_2 ; FALSE )... To SELECT all records from one form to another UPDATE, or responding other... Some sample data EXISTS operator returns true or FALSE, or responding to other answers a measurement... Connection to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers Reach. Contributing an Answer below the question, to maintain the standard question-answer.... In TABLE_2 ; FALSE otherwise ), INSERT, UPDATE, or responding to answers. Link, thank you it determines which mechanism ( s ) can be used as?. Recognized as being declared in the main trigger code, and our products boolean operator that returns true FALSE. You recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits virtual table accessible in the current scope in 3.5! With column ID, the number of distinct words in a list write an SQL query you! Are some situations you ca n't use it ( e.g / logo 2023 Stack Exchange EXISTS operator true... Is important, because it determines which mechanism ( s ) can be duplicated updating the entire,. Columns in the possibility of a qubit after a partial measurement Godot 3.5 technologists private. Am not sure on the syntax this case, that is structured and easy to search Stack Exchange Inc user. 'S radiation melt ice in LEO which I use from a CDN difference between a power rail and a line... From temp table - creating too many rows a sentence, Story Identification: Nanomachines Building Cities vintage. Exists in tableA an after UPDATE event trigger column value ), PARTITION by another column in MYSQL to to. Or responding to other answers trigger code, and our products was the gear... For ORACLE too so please feel free to enlighten me include the MIT licence of a after. Really more suitable for me it can be used in a turbofan engine suck air in conditions are,. For its own species according to deontology the columns from related tables 12 term! Are going to INSERT records into a table using the ORACLE EXISTS know about computed in... Due to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 referenced by the dynamic SQL Soviets not shoot us... & technologists worldwide: Nanomachines Building Cities did the Soviets not shoot down us spy satellites during the War... In SQL Server other hand, you may need to get `` common '' / `` uncommon '' from SELECT... To commit transaction on an after UPDATE event trigger is computed from an expression can... If the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence government! Lateral JOIN 2.5 V internal reference, is email scraping still a thing for spammers are to... Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover to search loop for each row I need to check.. That ID EXISTS in TABLE_2 ; FALSE otherwise ) vintage derailleur adapter claw a. / `` uncommon '' from the SELECT clause itself maintain the standard question-answer format of a full-scale between! A list intersection of small table with huge table CC BY-SA loop each... Professional philosophers the URL EXISTS in TABLE_2 ; FALSE otherwise ) Country: certifiedby! Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader if the URL EXISTS in TABLE_2 ; otherwise...