This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Other European islands are much smaller. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. She or he will best know the preferred format. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. 0. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Ireland: geography and landscape. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. 3. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. 2. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. It is the smallest country both in size and population. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. Encyclopedic entry. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Kosovo is a. You cannot download interactives. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). To contact our editors please use our contact form. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. All rights reserved. 1. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! Przemek. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. 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