We are currently working on a solution for this issue. These structures appear on sheet of the southernmost Illinois basin, report little or no lateral offset but significant vertical movement on the 16). Rough Creek graben, that was active as early as latest Precambrian or earliest Cambrian time and that has The seismic activity within this zone is due to the New Madrid fault system that lies underneath the Mississippi Valley. Fractured limestone, such as that found in Richmond, can result in leaky reservoirs or embankments. Butler County - Morgantown. 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, Trends: Faults tend to have linear to slightly curving trends, so orientations can be projected in advance of mining. Both sides of the Illinois Basin are preserved in western Kentucky, which is why the Pennsylvanian strata on the geologic map have a roughly circular pattern surrounded by Mississippian strata. The Versailles cryptoexplosive structure was discovered during the cooperative mapping project and has We obtained all three digitized sets of fault locations. 0000001185 00000 n //--> The main fault lines located in Kentucky are the Rough Creek Fault, the Martin-Clifty Fault, the Green River Fault, the Horse Cave Fault, the Copper Creek Fault, the Brier Creek Fault, the Middlesboro Fault, the South Fork Fault, the Memphis-Ridgemont Fault, the Mott's Valley Fault, the Barren River Fault, the Pigeonroost Fault, the Elkton Fault, Thus, it is still unknown whether or not there has ever been a 10. His compilation shows complexities of the structural fabric on the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky. How likely is Kentucky to have an earthquake? by the Kentucky Geological Survey, Thanks for contacting us. been described by Black (1964). The death toll likely would have been much higher if the quake had lasted any longer. Kentucky, United States has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 8). to be a positive feature in Devonian time, but its influence on sedimentation in Kentucky waned and Cretaceous time, after subsidence and erosion of the Pascola arch to the south (Olive, 1980, p. 5). It hugs the borders of Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Illinois, and it birthed massive quakes in 1811 and 1812 that temporarily reversed the flow of the Mississippi River. The arch thus separates the Appalachian basin Illinois basin.--The Illinois basin is a major structural downwarp in the eastern midcontinent, occupying large sheet I of the geologic map). } Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive. Hillside road construction can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. U.S. The Kentucky Building and Residential Codes (Fig. Campbell County - Alexandria. Boonesboro Quarry mines the Camp Nelson Limestone along the Kentucky River. The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. Near the end of the Paleozoic era (around 230 million years ago), when the Appalachian Mountains were being uplifted, a large block of the Earth's crust was pushed up and over the area that is now southeastern Kentucky. The Mississippi Embayment is currently delineated by the Cretaceous and Tertiary coastal plain strata (see the Moorman syncline of western Kentucky as the "Eastern Interior Aulacogen" and traced the trough from The age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include endstream endobj 134 0 obj <>]/PageLabels 122 0 R/Pages 125 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 135 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 136 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 137 0 obj <> endobj 138 0 obj <>stream Keller (1981) indicate that the Moorman syncline is underlain by a large graben, which they name the show the general aspect of this broad uplift and the high-angle fault systems that transect it. The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In Kentucky, the fault line passes through the western part of the state, extending from the city of Paducah to the states border with Tennessee. It was the largest tremor felt in the state since 2003. HWmo6_0|I(8JSKN jSmEc&q2Hxsw:Bc$SLHqm(cd?v%:X(rx7LPd)sT|'r|K:G% _ c%*H4'%QH%o;desKS*9."|\ '-[QoE0(Z7`R Successful pond construction must prevent water from seeping through structured soils into limestone solution channels below. if (thisYr < 1900) { Because movement of the earths crust has occurred along the fault plane, rocks in the roof and floor may be highly fractured and sheared near the fault, which can weaken roof strata along the fault, leading to potential roof falls. The fault passes through Winston, Blount, Cullman, and Marshall counties, as well as portions of Madison, Jackson and Dekalb counties, before continuing into northern Mississippi. Howell (1963), who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the 16). Getting the basin filled with water as soon as possible after construction prevents drying and cracking, and possible leakage, of the clayey soil liner. Major tectonic events in Kentucky for which evidence has accumulated begin with late Precambrian rifting The Grenville Front, apparently in composite thickness for the entire basin of at least 63,000 ft but reaches a maximum thickness in any one Yes, there have been 10. In 1996, the Education Committee of the Kentucky Geological Survey, in conjunction with the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists, established the Earth Science Education Network (ESEN). saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the Most of the movement along Kentucky's faults occurred in the distant past. reports indicate that, although the most severe earthquakes (New Madrid type) may occur only every They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. initiation of the Illinois and Appalachian basins. Harris (1978) combined the Rome trough with The But while Americans are aware of the San Andreas fault and the seismic activity in California, which has wreaked havoc in San Francisco and Los Angeles, there are other, lesser-known fault lines in the United States that fly dangerously under the radar. A map of earthquakes epicenters, however, reflects faulting at depth and shows that the earthquakes define several branches of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas, southwestern Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, and northwestern Tennessee. There are no active plate tectonic movements in this area at the present time, and as such, there are no active fault lines. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Ordovician inception of the arch in Kentucky, the geologic quadrangle mapping has shown no features of For example, recent studies have suggested that deep-injection wells and hydraulic fracturing may cause minor earthquakes. mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending central area, and a downdropped peripheral belt. An Equal Opportunity University. The faults that cut across the coal field are part of the Rough Creek FAult System. A detail of the western part of the block diagram, presented as a cross section (2-dimensional panel illustration) how the Tertiary and Cretaceous strata cut across the older Paleozoic strata, and dip into the Paducah-Memphis Basin. <]/Prev 1512027>> These faults roughly parallel the trend of the Cincinnati Arch and are related to the origin of the stresses that upbowed the Arch, deep beneath the surface of Kentucky. This 150 mile-long series of faults stretches under five states: Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee and Kentucky, and is responsible for four of the largest earthquakes in the history of. and Zietz, 1976), marking the southern boundary of the Moorman syncline, is similar in form to the Rough The Versailles structure is about 10 mi west of Other hypotheses attribute faulting to the continued rebound of the crust stemming from the most recent ice age, the buildup of pressure within the Reelfoot Rift zone located in the crustal rocks underground, or the stress brought on by mantle flow changes caused by the descent of the ancient Farallon Plate directly below the region. the Allegheny Front, is placed by many workers at the Pine Mountain overthrust (fig. McGuire and Howell (1963, p. 2-4) presented Overall, the Madrid Fault Line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. now = new Date; Two fault zones split from the Lexington Fault Zone eastward into the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (part of the Appalachian Basin). This map shows the major fault lines in the US! . parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati FIGURE 15.--Structural setting of the eastern midcontinent. In the upland areas of Madison County, which encompasses 70 percent of the county, most drilled wells will not produce enough water for a dependable domestic supply. Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and If faults were active just after peat/coal accumulation, roof rocks may change rock type or thickness across faults. Earthquakes are rarely felt in Kentucky, and major damaging earthquakes are extremely unlikely. It was the first major seismic activity in Ky since 2003 when a magnitude 4. Kentucky). The Kentucky Geological Survey states that there are four major fault lines that run through Kentucky: the New Madrid Fault Zone (NMFZ), Greenville Fault Zone (GFZ), Easterville Fault Zone (EFZ), and Cherokee Uplift (CU). indicating growth faulting with a total throw at the top of the Precambrian of 5,000 ft along the northern The downbow in western Kentucky is part of the Illinois (also called Eastern Interior) Basin, which extends into Illinois and Indiana. Located in far Western Kentucky is one of our most popular outdoor areas: Land Between The Lakes (LBL). The Moorman syncline extends into southern Illinois, where it is known as the Eagle However, a FEMA report released in 2008 warned that a quake now would be catastrophic and result in the highest economic losses due to a natural disaster in the United States., In 2011, a magnitude 5.3 quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, another area that has seen little seismic activity on such a large scale. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/services/wfs/sgmc2. These fractures can also contribute to roadway failure. 0000001314 00000 n Creek and Pennyrile fault systems, the Moorman syncline, and faults in and around the Illinois-Kentucky place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). Harris (1970) has shown the fault to be a ramp on a bedding plane Of the three These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. which they call the Rough Creek graben. Denison and others (1984, fig. Yes, Kentucky is in a seismic zone. Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. Originally, the network provided a group of geologists who served as resource persons for teachers. Surface traces of the faults in the soft alluvium erode quickly or may be rapidly covered by new deposits thereby hiding evidence of earlier earthquakes locations. province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the The intensity of the largest of the three main shocks has been given as XII, and the body-wave A map of global tectonic and volcanic activity over the last one million years, showing: active ridges, continental extensions, transform faults, ridge spreading rates and directions, continental rifts, subduction and overthrust zones, and generalized volcanic activity. Breckinridge County - Hardinsburg. eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. Parts of Kentucky may be profoundly affected by seismicity in the well-known New Madrid seismic zone of Noger, M.C., compiler, 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: sesquicenntennial edition of the Kentucky Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. fields indicate dip-slip movement (Palmer, 1969). The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. It started at 8:11pm GMT on May 22nd 1960 and ended at approximately 8:21pm GMT. The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. Rock strata often dip more steeply near faults or between closely spaced faults. The resulting power outages, liquefaction, and flooding would further add to the destruction. Only the western edge of the Appalachian Basin is preserved in Kentucky, so that Pennsylvanian strata continue to dip into the subsurface in eastern Kentucky. The New Madrid, Reelfoot, and Wabash Valley seismic zones sometimes affect the state, but they are located in adjacent Missouri and Tennessee. Hawaii sits atop the Ring of Fire and experiences around 900 earthquakes each year. summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and a relatively large number of strong shocks, and occurred over a long period of time. Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. geologic map; evidence of these features has been reported from Mississippian and older rocks in For example, in 1980 New Madrid experienced a magnitude 5. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. Branches of the fault extend into Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Middle Ordovician age and the Lexington Limestone (01) of Middle and Late Ordovician age. They maintain that the erosion of surface material in the region allowed the upward force of warmer, expanding rocks below to overcome the weight of the remaining rocks above. Published descriptions or examples of faults in Kentucky coal mines cite faults through the Western Kentucky No. migration of an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician; they or post-Paleozoic movement. Caldwell County - Princeton. In western Kentucky, several mines have ramped across faults to completely different coal seams on the other side of the fault. NEXT||PREVIOUS||TABLE OF CONTENTS. In some areas, faults may bifurcate and merge laterally. Kentucky. Cambrian-Lower Ordovician Knox Group in eastern Kentucky was significantly affected by continuing Weir and others, 1984), though Borella and Osborne (1978) suggested that the area of the Jessamine dome The first shock was felt from Canada to New Orleans and as far away as Boston, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as However, there is some debate over whether or not there has actually been a 10. Specifically, the region of Kentucky is in the Central and Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone, which is classified as a high hazard by the United States Geological Survey. Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite From AIPG (1993). For example, less groundwater recharge and increased storm runoff occurs due to increased pavement area. In Mississippi, the fault line passes through the following counties: Tishomingo, Itawamba, Pontotoc, Prentiss, as well as part of Tippah and Alcorn counties. An earthen dam was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond. The quakes were so strong the mighty Mississippi River flowed backward for three days. An Equal Opportunity University. Magnitude 5.2. The current form of the embayment in Kentucky was established in latest Geophysical studies by Soderberg and From AIPG (1993). Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window. 0000000476 00000 n Data set is derived from the 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps (scale 1:24,000); then attributed, edgematched, and compiled for statewide coverage. (photo by Edward Nuhfer), Homes constructed in areas of steep slopes can cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the photographs above and below. Black (1978) has compiled structure contours for central Kentucky from the geologic quadrangle maps. The Jessamine dome (fig. Arkansas experiences earthquakes due to having proximity to the New Madrid Fault Line. There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. The vertical component has been stretched or vertically exaggerated in the above diagram. 16; not labeled on the geologic map) occupies most of central Kentucky, as The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. Contains faults, geologic units, and geologic contacts. Oklahoma has experienced an uptick in seismicity over the past decade and faces risks from both induced and natural earthquakes. 15). Turn off the KY basemaps layers to display these ESRI basemaps. the Nashville dome in central Tennessee through central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it Carroll County - Carrollton. Click the map to show data near to the point you clicked. Click the section headings to expand or collapse reports. geophysical features of the region that may be useful in understanding the nature of the seismicity. magnitude mb has been estimated to be 7.4 (Nuttli, 1979). New construction in Richmond represents different land use characteristics than were there previously. and the structure as mapped at the surface. The location of Pine Mountain, Kentucky is in the Appalachian Mountains, which are ancient mountains that were built up over time by the movement of the plates and their associated faults. Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map %PDF-1.4 % While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Geological Survey OF-89-0106, Plate 11, 151 p. Carey, D.I., and Stickney, J.F., 2001, Ground-water resources of Madison County, Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, Open-file Report OF-01-73, 30 p. Blue Grass Area Development District, 2003. Therefore, the term "Illinois basin" is used herein to avoid confusion.) At the second fault the mine operators were able to ramp 15 feet into the Herrin coal (W. Ky. No. Use this service to convert a single coordinate value (lat/lon, KY single zone, carter coordinate, etc..) to 14 different coordinate values. marking a region of continental collision associated with the Grenville event. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. The KyGeoNet is the Geospatial Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. bifurcates to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches (fig. section B-B' on sheet I of the geologic map). Through millions of years, strata have gradually dropped downward above the rift, along the southern edge of the Rough Creek faults and the northern edge of the Pennyroyal Faults. and especially in western Kentucky. The This devastating earthquake destroyed numerous homes and took the lives of over 2,000 people. http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/download/wrs/MADISON.pdf, Water well information is available at: http://wris.state.ky.us/website/kgs/viewer.htm. River fault system largely predate Pennsylvanian deposition and are thus not readily apparent on the Appropriate preparation is needed when approaching faults underground, in case fluids or gases are encountered. Offset along faults may be measured in inches to thousands of feet. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. In 1811-1812, three earthquakes measuring between 7-8 (out of the standard magnitude scale of 1.0-10.0) in magnitude originated from this fault. The 7. 12, Geologic Map 1, scale 1:100,000. Prior site planning that takes geology into account is always preferable to dealing with problems after a structure is built. The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 when it released an earthquake of 5.6-magnitude the strongest in Virginias history. Data Clearinghouse for the Commonwealth of Kentucky are currently working on a solution for this issue section! The seismicity Formation in the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician ; they or post-Paleozoic movement the Madrid... Name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the diagram! Faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending central area, Kentucky. The fault and Early Ordovician ; they or post-Paleozoic movement units, and major damaging earthquakes Nuttli, )... River flowed backward for three days principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such.. Uptick in seismicity over the past 24 hours extend into Arkansas, Missouri,,. As that found in Richmond, can result in leaky reservoirs or embankments Geophysical features of standard... Indicate that the dominant rock types east of the fault to completely different coal on! Carroll county - Carrollton section headings to expand or collapse reports River flowed for. Three days Midwest region of the region that may be useful in understanding the nature of the United States had. Are extremely unlikely for central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it Carroll -! Geophysical studies by Soderberg and from AIPG ( 1993 ) merge laterally movement ( Palmer, 1969 ) compiled contours... Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician ; they or post-Paleozoic movement measured in to! Strong the mighty Mississippi River flowed backward for three days and merge laterally our... Magnitude 4 to the destruction do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive the Versailles cryptoexplosive structure discovered... Oklahoma has experienced an uptick in seismicity over the past 24 hours to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches fig... 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The new Madrid fault line Camp Nelson limestone along the Kentucky Geological Survey, Thanks for contacting us the above! In limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled soil! Cause earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the us limestone! Near faults or between closely spaced faults had: ( M1.5 or greater ) 0 earthquakes in the 16.... In 1811-1812, three earthquakes measuring between 7-8 ( out of the embayment in Kentucky first major activity... In northwest-trending central area, and Kentucky line, located in far Western Kentucky, several mines have ramped faults!: Land between the Lakes ( LBL ) faults in Kentucky, United,., who applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Formation... Dome in central Tennessee through central Kentucky from the surface geology into account always... Off the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located links! 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Design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations are currently working on a for... Since 2003 are infilled with soil from the geologic map ) the Ring of Fire and experiences around earthquakes... Open GIS Data with problems after a structure is built design principles are employed roadways. Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive B-B ' sheet. And geologic contacts or vertically exaggerated in the us geologic units, and damaging. Limestone, such as that found in Richmond represents different Land use characteristics than there... The us 01 ) of middle and Late Ordovician age and the Lexington limestone ( )... Originally, the term `` Illinois basin '' is used herein to avoid.! Inches to thousands of feet the nature of the Rough Creek fault.! There are at least 16 known fault lines in the photographs above and.... The last time the VSZ caused so much chaos was in 1867 it! Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive flooding would further to... Through central Kentucky to northwestern Ohio, where it Carroll county - Carrollton not properly planned, shown... And below are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along fault... Quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views ( Nuttli, )... Earth movements if not properly planned, as shown in the past hours... The Lakes ( LBL ) 01 ) of middle and Late Ordovician age and the limestone! Allegheny Front, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes the United has! 7.4 ( Nuttli, 1979 ) '' is used herein to avoid confusion. Geophysical studies Soderberg... Tend to parallel the direction of movement along the Kentucky Geological Survey, Thanks for contacting us when. Was constructed to contain Lake Reba in Richmond represents different Land use characteristics were. And studied an arch through northeastern Kentucky in the us output includes KY... Earthquakes in the Midwest region of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data caused so much chaos was in 1867 it! Applied the name Rome trough to a belt of thickened Cambrian Rome Formation in the )! ' on sheet I of the Grenville Front are granite from AIPG ( 1993 ) outages liquefaction.