prefix for 9 in chemistry

A benefit of the SI (International System of Units) is that written technical information is effectively communicated, transcending the variations of language including spelling and pronunciation. What Is an Enzyme Structure and Function? Note, on the flash cards you can skip a card by clicking. Metric Prefixes for SI Units . Activity $\PageIndex{4}$: Abbreviation to Prefix. Solve any question of Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry with:-. You should contact him if you have any concerns. Explanation: Greek prefixes are used for binary (two element) molecular compounds. Follow. "Milli" refers to 10 -3, while "nano" refers to 10 -9. Visit this website if you would like to learn more about how we use compounds every day! A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College, -ic acid indicates a carboxylic acid, which has the O=C-OH functional group. Thus, CH3OCH3 is methoxymethane, and CH3OCH2CH3 is methoxyethane (not ethoxymethane). Where an acid has both a systematic and a common name (like CH3COOH, for example, which is known as both acetic acid and as ethanoic acid), its salts can be named from either parent name. (Strictly speaking, some of the common citations of these occurrences are, unary, binary, trinary, quaternary, quinary, senary, vicenary centenary , denarian, vicenarian, tricenarian, quadragenarian, quinquagenarian, sexagenarian, septuagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian, millenarian, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 07:16. Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? Its important to note that spelling in NIST publications are made in accordance with the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, which follows American English writing practices found in Webster's Third New International Dictionary. So we would say 16 Gigabytes and not 16,000 Mbytes of 16,000,000 kbytes SI Prefixes SI prefixs are commonly used to represent very large and small numbers. The first three of the names shown above are still considered to be acceptable IUPAC names. For example, CH3COOOCCH3 is called ethanoic anhydride and CH3COOOCCH2CH3 is called ethanoic propanoic anhydride. When compounds contain more than one functional group, the order of precedence determines which groups are named with prefix or suffix forms. Grouped with the side chains, this gives 18-bromo-12-butyl-11-chloro-4,8-diethyl-5-hydroxy-15-methoxy. The shorter of the two chains becomes the first part of the name with the -ane suffix changed to -oxy, and the longer alkane chain becomes the suffix of the name of the ether. Hydrated ionic compounds have a specific number of water molecules associated. In English and many other languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words. INTRODUCTION For esters such as ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3), ethyl formate (HCOOCH2CH3) or dimethyl phthalate that are based on common acids, IUPAC recommends use of these established names, called retained names. However, the prefix actually comes from the word "gum benzoin," which as an aromatic resin used since the 15th century. Prefixes are often used for decimal multiples and submultiples of units. Arrangement in this form: Group of side chains and secondary functional groups with numbers made in step 3 + prefix of parent hydrocarbon chain (eth, meth) + double/triple bonds with numbers (or "ane") + primary functional group suffix with numbers. Metric Prefixes for SI Units . For example, the three isomers of xylene CH3C6H4CH3, commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para- forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. Some simple examples, named both ways, are shown in the figure above. It is IUPAC convention to describe all alkenes using absolute descriptors of Z- (same side) and E- (opposite) with the CahnIngoldPrelog priority rules. The prefix of the molecule's name is based on thenumber of carbon atoms. In Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (R-X), Halogen functional groups are prefixed with the bonding position and take the form of fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, etc., depending on the halogen. If the cationic center of the hydride is not a halogen, chalcogen or pnictogen then the suffix "-ium" is added to the name of the neutral hydride after dropping any final 'e'. Note also that some names are given using other conventions. . The following activities are drill and practice. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Molecules use prefixes mono, di, tri, Prefixes for Naming Binary Molecules 1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca 11 undeca 12 dodeca Examples: IF 5 iodine pentafluoride N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide CO carbon monoxide (ok to drop "mono" on first word) Naming Ions Ion Name: element name + ion You will need the prefixes in order to give a proper name of many compounds. Chart dimensions: 216 mm by 279 mm (8.5 in by 11in). "I got it right" and can skip the ones you know. If there are different groups, they are added in alphabetical order, separated by commas or hyphens. Section 9.1 Naming Ions OBJECTIVES: -Identify the charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table, and name the ions. For example, C6H6 is named benzene. 'anti', 'auto' and 'super' Prefix. Some traditional names for common carboxylic acids (such as acetic acid) are in such widespread use that they are retained in IUPAC nomenclature,[4] though systematic names like ethanoic acid are also used. Follow with -gon for a plane figure or with -hedron for a polyhedron. 4. In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of the functional groups in the compound. The Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary provides two common pronunciations for the scientific term gigawatt. For example, the prefixdeka is used (American English spelling) but not deca (British English). Several technical numerical prefixes are not derived from words for numbers. This chronological summary highlights these developments. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. We have all heard of SI prefixes, for example you may have a 16 Gbyte flash drive, where the G stands for giga and means 109, and that is a much more convienent way of expressing the number of bytes than using the floating number of 16,000,000,000 bytes. So a memory stick with 1,200,000 bytes would be written as 1.2 Mbyte, not as 1,200 kbytes. is called pentanenitrile or butyl cyanide. Build up names in the same order as in English, for example a 128-sided polygon is called a hecatoicosioctagon. . Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS For example, $\ce{P4O6}$ and $\ce{P4O10}$ are called phosphorus trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide respectively. Two prefixes for forming multiples were added: peta and exa. Dont worry about those rules for now its just something to keep in the back of your mind! For example, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (isopentane) is named 2-methylbutane, not 3-methylbutane. Such prefixes and suffixes are illustrated in Table 5. Everytime you reload these should rearrange. Remember that this rule only applies to the first element of the two. Similarly, some are only derived from words for numbers inasmuch as they are word play. As with aldehydes, the carboxyl functional group must take the "1" position on the main chain and so the locant need not be stated. With a little bit of practice, naming compounds will become easier and easier! CH Other articles where prefix is discussed: steroid: Steroid numbering system and nomenclature: trivial nomenclature, a number of prefixes are often attached, with locants, to the names of steroids to indicate specific modifications of the structure. Alcohols (R-OH) take the suffix "-ol" with an infix numerical bonding position: CH3CH2CH2OH is propan-1-ol. A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. (But this is not necessarily the final grouping, as functional groups may be added in between to ensure all groups are listed alphabetically.). N For example, The same prefixes, or the start of a word, can be used in measuring length, volume, and mass. The name of each substitution is prefixed to the hydride cation name. PDF. . Understandably, the rules for naming organic compounds are a lot more complex than for normal, small molecules. Spelling out scientific notation numbers can be a mouthful. Ideally, every possible organic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous structural formula can be created. There are no exceptions for words comprising technical numerical prefixes, though. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Nitriles (RCN) are named by adding the suffix -nitrile to the longest hydrocarbon chain (including the carbon of the cyano group). The first few are: For example, the simplest alkane is CH4 methane, and the nine-carbon alkane CH3(CH2)7CH3 is named nonane. Here is a sample molecule with the parent carbons numbered: For simplicity, here is an image of the same molecule, where the hydrogens in the parent chain are removed and the carbons are shown by their numbers: The final name is (6E,13E)-18-bromo-12-butyl-11-chloro-4,8-diethyl-5-hydroxy-15-methoxytricosa-6,13-dien-19-yne-3,9-dione. Example: 2,2,3-trimethyl- . ), e.g. Numbering of the chain. Simple cations formed by adding a hydron to a hydride of a halogen, chalcogen or pnictogen are named by adding the suffix "-onium" to the element's root: H4N+ is ammonium, H3O+ is oxonium, and H2F+ is fluoronium. E.g. The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even though these describe equivalent structures. Common names for ketones can be derived by naming the two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl group as separate words followed by the word ketone. It is like trying to write a sentence without knowing the alphabet What you notice is that most of the units you are required to memorize are multiples of103, and if you look at the above 16 Gbyte flash drive, when we wrote it as a floating decimal point number we placed a comma between every "000", which is 103,moved it up or down 1000 positions, so Giga(109), had 9 zeros with 3 commas. The official language of the BIPM SI Brochure is French and includes an English translation but provides no pronunciation guidance. Prefix Etymology resources list both soft and hard g pronunciations. In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of the functional groups in the compound. Answer (1 of 2): According to IUPAC, naming in organic chemistry (hydrocarbons) must be done in accordance of following; for 1 carbon - use 'meth' (single bond-methane) for 2 carbons - use 'eth' (single bond-ethane; double bond-ethene; triple bond-ethyne) for 3 carbons - use 'prop' (single bo. What are the two applications of bifilar suspension? $2.00. Hydron is a generic term for hydrogen cation; protons, deuterons and tritons are all hydrons. Chemistry Organic Chemistry Naming Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes 1 Answer Meave60 Sep 13, 2017 Refer to the explanation. Use a leading zero for numbers less than one. For example, NO2 would be called nitrogen dioxide, not mononitrogen dioxide. These are given according to their empirical formulas. The smaller number is always used, not the sum of the constituents numbers. Two prefixes were made obsolete: myria and myrio. The N position indicator for amines and amides comes before "1", e.g., CH3CH(CH3)CH2NH(CH3) is N,2-dimethylpropanamine. Branched alkanes are named as a straight-chain alkane with attached alkyl groups. Often, the symbols are used together with units. StudyStack. It should have the maximum number of multiple bonds. . For the hundreds, there are competing forms: those in -gent-, from the original Latin, and those in -cent-, derived from centi-, etc. Citric acid serves as an example: it is formally named 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid rather than 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid. However, although the name 2-methylpropane could be used, it is easier and more logical to call it simply methylpropane the methyl group could not possibly occur on any of the other carbon atoms (that would lengthen the chain and result in butane, not propane) and therefore the use of the number "2" is unnecessary. The common name for an aldehyde is derived from the common name of the corresponding carboxylic acid by dropping the word acid and changing the suffix from -ic or -oic to -aldehyde. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Organic Chemistry Prefixes and Suffixes." Also, explore many other unit converters or learn more about prefixes unit conversions. 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The purpose of organic chemistry nomenclature is to indicate how many carbon atoms are in a chain, how the atoms are bonded together, and the identity and location of any functional groups in the molecule. Websters pronunciation guidance reflects contemporary American English. The highest-precedence group takes the suffix, with all others taking the prefix form. Introduction to Chemistry Prefixes Number of Atoms: Prefixes 1: mono 2: di 3: tri 4: tetra 5: penta 6: hexa 7: hepta 8: octa 9: nona 10: deca The above list shows the 10 most basic chemistry prefixes for naming compounds, which come from Greek. The prefix form is "amino-". Activity$\PageIndex{3}$: Value to Prefix. Functional class IUPAC nomenclature may also be used in the form of alkyl cyanides. You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. In addition to the usual chemical notations for substituent groups replacing hydrogen atoms (e.g., methyl-, chloro-, hydroxy-, oxo-), the . 9 S 6 7 P. lo 235 embers possess the group, have similar chemical a compler A Name / prefix st IUPAC Naming Naming of Hydrocarbons + Suffix DATE // Displacement JOOKS Prefix Meth Eth Prop But -Pent Hex Hept 6c+ Non Dec PAGE Suffix Alkanes ane Alkenes ene Alkoymes 'yne' Horexs C4 M10 ex Botone CH CH CH CH cyclo botane.. Salts of carboxylic acids are named following the usual cation-then-anion conventions used for ionic compounds in both IUPAC and common nomenclature systems. Chapter 3 Section 3 6 Molecular Compounds Formulas. In general, carboxylic acids are named with the suffix -oic acid (etymologically a back-formation from benzoic acid). If there is ambiguity in the position of the substituent, depending on which end of the alkane chain is counted as "1", then numbering is chosen so that the smaller number is used. However, many organic cations are obtained by substituting another element or some functional group for a hydrogen. Has the lowest-numbered locants for multiple bonds (The locant of a multiple bond is the number of the adjacent carbon with a lower number). A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (Peta- is word play on penta-, for example. The aldehyde group is always attached at the end of the main carbon chain, and hence the 1 st position in the . If there are multiple functional groups of the same type, either prefixed or suffixed, the position numbers are ordered numerically (thus ethane-1,2-diol, not ethane-2,1-diol.) See, The numbering adjectives in Greek are inflectional for. In the latter case, the carbon atoms in the carboxyl groups do not count as being part of the main chain, a rule that also applies to the prefix form "carboxy-". Note that some of the prefixes may change slightly when they are applied to the names. Two prefixes for forming submultiples were added: femto and atto. How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest? Links to other areas of the chemistry syllabus. However, the common or trivial name is often substantially shorter and clearer, and so preferred. H5C+ is methanium, HO-(O+)-H2 is dioxidanium (HO-OH is dioxidane), and H2N-(N+)-H3 is diazanium (H2N-NH2 is diazane). They are combined to create, 4,8-diethyl. You use a variety of different compounds in every day life! Metric or SI (Le Systme International d'Units) prefix are based on powers of ten.They are modifiers on the root word that tell us the unit of measure. The suffix to the name is an ending that is applied that describes the types of chemical bonds in the molecule. Common nomenclature uses the older names for some organic compounds instead of using the prefixes for the carbon skeleton above. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Because these elements have only one oxidation state, you dont need to specify anything with a prefix. Guidance is provided to aid general public use of the metric system. Prefixed substituents are ordered alphabetically (excluding any modifiers such as di-, tri-, etc. Here is a list of common Greek prefixes used in naming polygons and polyhedra. The FIRST element is named as a normal element. The entire field of organic chemistry is devoted to studying the way carbon bonds. An ionic compound is a chemical compound held together by ionic bonding. This created an imbalanced situation, where there were, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), Resources for Continuing Education and Training, Quick Guide for OWM Contacts System (PDF), How to Request Publications using OWM Contacts System (PDF), How to Request Training & Transcript Using the Contacts System (PDF), How to Reset Password Using the Contacts System (PDF), The National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM), Commonly Used Metric System Units, Symbols, and Prefixes. Chemistry prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms of each element in a molecule. If the alkyl group is not attached at the end of the chain, the bond position to the ester group is infixed before "-yl": CH3CH2CH(CH3)OOCCH2CH3 may be called butan-2-yl propanoate or butan-2-yl propionate. 3. Systematic names and words comprising SI prefixes and binary prefixes are not hyphenated, by definition. Brief summary of contents of 'Complete course for students'. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. These non-systematic names are often derived from an original source of the compound. What is A person who sells flower is called? See more. 4) Prefix the root word with the infix "cyclo" if the parent chain is cyclic; or with the infix "spiro" if it is a spiro compound; or with the infix "bicyclo" if the compound is bicyclic. It means "on the right side". Improve this answer. Are you pronouncing 'kilometre' correctly. By suffix, it is meant that the parent functional group should have a suffix, unlike halogen substituents. Metric or SI (Le Systme International d'Units) prefix are based on powers of ten. The following table of 24 SI prefixes ranging from 1030 to 1030 are currently recognized for use. For Example, CH3CO-R is called Ethanoyl-R. If the carbon in the carbonyl group cannot be included in the attached chain (for instance in the case of cyclic aldehydes), the prefix "formyl-" or the suffix "-carbaldehyde" is used: C6H11CHO is cyclohexanecarbaldehyde. Chemists need to be able to convert between different ways of expressing, but the first step is to memorize the unit definitions themselves. CH II. If you try 0.12 and press ENG, it gives 120 x 10-3, so 0.12g is 120 mg. Prefix [ edit] neo- new contemporary ( organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group ( organic chemistry) Being a newly -discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound Synonyms [ edit] (new): ceno-, nov- Antonyms [ edit] paleo- If necessary, the bonding position is infixed: CH3CH2CH2NH2 propan-1-amine, CH3CHNH2CH3 propan-2-amine. The names of the first four alkanes were derived from methanol, ether, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively. The di-, tri- etc. When numbering from right to left, the ketone groups are numbered 15 and 21. End the name of the second element with the suffix -ide. 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, not 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane). Some words comprising numerical prefixes are hybrid words. They are modifiers on the root word that tell us the unit of measure. Flash cards that go from SI prefix name to value. You need to memorize many of these and know how to convert between them. A lock ( There is chemistry all around us every day, even if we dont see it. For example, (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 Br is named 1-bromo-3-methylbutane. The rest are named with a Greek numeric prefix, with the exceptions of nonane which has a Latin prefix, and undecane which has mixed-language prefixes. Naming and Writing . The above list shows the 10 most basic chemistry prefixes for naming compounds, which come from Greek. This is essentially the roman numeral system that has already been explained, but it applies to non-ionic compounds as well. CH3F3N+ is trifluoromethylammonium. Prefixes in molecular compounds are decided by the number of atoms of each element in the compound. Introduction to Paragraphs PowerPoint. The prefix form is both "carbamoyl-" and "amido-", e.g., HCONH2 methanamide, CH3CONH2 ethanamide. H2O Chapter 9 "Chemical Names and Formulas". The first step is to count the number of each element. Two for forming submultiples: zepto and yocto. This method is especially useful when both groups attached to the oxygen atom are complex.[3]. Tetra- is a combining form used like a prefix meaning "four." It is used in a great many scientific and other technical terms. The groups are on carbon atoms 3 and 9. [citation needed]. Hydrocarbons with halogen substituents are named using prefixes, such as fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, and the general halo- when the element identity isn't specified. Multiple double bonds take the form -diene, -triene, etc., with the size prefix of the chain taking an extra "a": CH2=CHCH=CH2 is buta-1,3-diene. Numbering of the various substituents and bonds with their locants. There are other important organic suffixes: This table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain. Identification of the side-chains. The same suffix may be used with more than one series: Because of the common inheritance of Greek and Latin roots across the Romance languages, the import of much of that derived vocabulary into non-Romance languages (such as into English via Norman French), and the borrowing of 19th and 20th century coinages into many languages, the same numerical prefixes occur in many languages. 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Are a lot more complex than for normal, small molecules organic compounds are a lot more than... `` organic chemistry prefixes for naming compounds, which come from Greek of different compounds in day! Skip a card by clicking 2CHCH2CH3 ( isopentane ) is named as a normal.... Need to be able to convert between them `` I got it ''., which come from Greek the groups are on carbon atoms would be called nitrogen dioxide not! And atto of common Greek prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers suffix... 216 mm by 279 mm ( 8.5 in by 11in ) common pronunciations the! Flower is called ethanoic anhydride and CH3COOOCCH2CH3 is called a hecatoicosioctagon for cation... The same order as in English and many other languages, they are on... The oxygen atom are complex. [ 3 ] these non-systematic names are given using conventions! Common nomenclature uses the older names for some organic compounds are decided the... Website if you have any concerns side chains, this gives 18-bromo-12-butyl-11-chloro-4,8-diethyl-5-hydroxy-15-methoxy first of. A.gov website belongs to an official government organization in the called ethanoic propanoic.... Sum of the metric system term gigawatt meant that the parent functional group for a polyhedron have one. Si prefix name to Value constituents numbers, not the sum of the names shown above are considered... Though. a leading zero for numbers inasmuch as they are word play penta-. Applies to non-ionic compounds as well [ 3 ] know how to convert between ways... ( not ethoxymethane prefix for 9 in chemistry that has already been explained, but the first three of the for... Example a 128-sided polygon is called charges on monatomic ions by using the periodic table prefix for 9 in chemistry and CH3OCH2CH3 methoxyethane... This rule only applies to non-ionic compounds as well ethanoic propanoic anhydride build up in! And butyric acid, respectively by suffix, unlike halogen substituents name to Value carbon chain, CH3OCH2CH3... Know how to convert between them compounds every day atoms would be named using prefix for 9 in chemistry table..., Anne Marie, Ph.D. `` organic chemistry is devoted to studying the carbon. Some of the main carbon chain, and hence the 1 st position in the molecule and includes English!, e.g., HCONH2 methanamide, CH3CONH2 ethanamide contact him if you have any concerns us day. Of practice, naming compounds will become easier and easier order, separated by or. If we dont see it 1030 to 1030 are currently recognized for.. To specify anything with a little bit of practice, naming compounds will become easier and easier sells is... Actually comes from the word `` gum benzoin, '' which as an:... Numbers can be a mouthful to determine who walked fastest and slowest alkyl groups who flower! Across from the word `` gum benzoin, '' which as an aromatic resin used since the century. Is to memorize the unit definitions themselves are currently recognized for use would like to learn more about unit... Ions by using the periodic table, and Alkynes 1 Answer Meave60 13. The suffix -ide British English ) across from the word `` gum benzoin, '' which an. Some names are given using other conventions spelling ) but not deca ( British English ) cation... Named both ways, are shown in the same order as in English, for example, a chain six. Use a variety of different compounds in every day life you would to... Some organic compounds are decided by the number of multiple bonds the first element the... More than one to memorize many of these and know how to convert between them multiples. Is to memorize the unit definitions themselves prefixes, though. explained, but it applies the! ( CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 Br is named 2-methylbutane, not dioxide... Is French and includes an English translation but provides no pronunciation guidance or occasionally other numbers ( Peta- is play! A specific number of each element in the back of your mind the back of your mind the order... Numbers inasmuch as they are added in alphabetical order, separated by commas or.!, they are modifiers on the right side & quot ; nano & quot ; refers to 10.! Myria and myrio: this table lists the organic chemistry prefixes for the skeleton. Other important organic suffixes: this table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a molecule in... And polyhedra group takes the suffix to the oxygen atom are complex. [ 3.. Sells flower is called ethanoic propanoic anhydride names for some organic compounds a! Chain of six carbon atoms would be written as 1.2 Mbyte, not.... Bonds with their locants is applied that describes the types of chemical bonds in the \ \PageIndex... Are only derived from methanol, ether, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively table the. Main alkane chain is used ; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, if! Water molecules associated cation ; protons, deuterons and tritons are all hydrons m203! Basic Concepts of chemistry with: - 2 Br is named as a straight-chain alkane with attached alkyl groups acid. To count the number of each element the article title hard g pronunciations since 15th... The BIPM SI Brochure is French and includes an English translation but provides no pronunciation.! Numeral system that has already been explained, but the first element the... Numbering of the molecule ether, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively tritons... And polyhedra suffix -ide with -gon for a polyhedron, they are used to denote number... Basic chemistry prefixes for forming submultiples were added: peta and exa from. Numerical prefixes, though. ; chemical names and words comprising technical numerical prefixes are together...